4 simple principles to transform your PhD writing

Principle 1: Simplify

There’s a common assumption that academic writing needs to be complicated, but the fundamental goal is to communicate.

If the examiner has to do extra work to understand what you’re trying to say, you’re more likely to frustrate them than impress them.

Principle 2: Know what you want to say

build the thesis around the answers to 3 central questions.

  1. What are you trying to find out?
  2. How did you conduct the research?
  3. What have you discovered that we didn’t know before?

Everything else is to provide context or supporting detail or explanation around these three points.

And if the answers to any of these questions are unclear, all the other content about background or the literature or theory becomes irrelevant.

Principle 3: Have the confidence to leave things out

The more we add, the more we dilute the most important information and the more difficult it will be for the reader to make sense of.

  • Focus on your strengths
  • Cite the very best and most relevant sources (the literature has to be good enough to get into your thesis)

Focus on the essential facts or concepts that are necessary to understand your project, and on the literature that has had a major influence on the field, that has influenced your research, or that is in some other way highly relevant, and leave out everything else.

Principle 4: Each section should have a singular focus

You do not have to weave ideas from each section into every other section.

Instead, make sure that each section (or subsection) has clear, singular focus.

This way, you can make sure you firmly establish whatever key points you want to communicate, and if you think of any extra supporting detail or nuance related to those points, you know where to put it

And from the reader’s perspective, if you have a table of contents and good section headings, they’ll be able to find what they’re looking for.

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  1. Can you please do a video on how to develop critical thinking skills for PhD students?

PhD: An uncommon guide to research, writing & PhD life

By James Hayton (2015)

PhD: an uncommon guide to research, writing & PhD life is your essential guide to the basic principles every PhD student needs to know.

Applicable to virtually any field of study, it covers everything from finding a research topic, getting to grips with the literature, planning and executing research and coping with the inevitable problems that arise, through to writing, submitting and successfully defending your thesis.

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AI-free zone

All the text on this site (and every word of every video script) is written by me, personally, because I enjoy writing. I enjoy the challenges of thinking deeply and finding the right words to express my ideas. I do not advocate for the use of AI in academic research and writing, except for very limited use cases.

See also:

Why you shouldn't rely on AI for PhD research and writing

The false promise of AI for PhD research

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